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How to use pg_stat_statements to monitor the performance of VACUUM and ANALYZE operations?

pg_stat_statements is a PostgreSQL extension that provides a detailed view of the SQL statements executed by the database server. It can be used to monitor the performance of VACUUM and ANALYZE operations by tracking the […]

How to Troubleshoot Index Fragmentation in PostgreSQL?

Index fragmentation in PostgreSQL can occur when data is inserted, updated, or deleted in a table. As new data is added, the index can become fragmented, meaning that the data is no longer physically ordered […]

Understanding Pessimistic Locking and Optimistic Locking in PostgreSQL

Pessimistic locking and optimistic locking are two approaches used in database management systems, including PostgreSQL, to control concurrent access to shared data. Pessimistic Locking: Pessimistic locking is a concurrency control mechanism that assumes conflicts will […]

How is hash aggregation implemented in MariaDB?

Hash aggregation is a type of aggregation algorithm used in MariaDB to efficiently calculate aggregate functions such as SUM, COUNT, MAX, and MIN on large data sets. It works by dividing the data into groups […]

Declarative partitioning in MariaDB and Monitoring

What is declarative partitioning in MariaDB? How does declarative partitioning benefit MariaDB performance? Monitoring MariaDB partitioning and disk I/O operations Declarative partitioning in MariaDB is a feature that allows you to divide a table’s data […]

How to avoid “OR” in MariaDB for better performance?

Avoiding the use of the “OR” operator in MariaDB can help improve query performance by reducing the number of rows that need to be scanned and filtered. Here are some strategies to avoid using “OR” […]

How to avoid “OR” in PostgreSQL for better performance?

Using the OR operator in a SQL query can result in poor performance, especially when used in combination with other operators, such as LIKE, IN, and subqueries. In PostgreSQL, there are several techniques that can […]

How invisible indexes in MySQL 8 work?

In MySQL 8, invisible indexes are a feature that allows you to create an index without it being used by the optimizer. This can be useful in situations where you want to test the impact […]

Linear Trees in InnoDB

Introduction In InnoDB, a linear tree is a type of data structure used for indexing and searching data. Linear trees are also known as B+ trees. The key characteristic of a linear tree is that […]

Explaining the MySQL Slow Query Log – How to Read and Interpret Slow Query Log?

The MySQL Slow Query Log is a feature that logs SQL statements that exceed a certain threshold of execution time. This log can be used to identify slow queries and to optimize their performance. Here […]