How to implement master key rotation in MySQL?

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Master key rotation in MySQL can be implemented using the built-in InnoDB encryption feature or using third-party tools. Here is a general overview of the steps involved in the process:

1. Create a new key: Use the CREATE ENCRYPTION KEY statement to generate a new encryption key.
2. Encrypt the data: Use the ALTER TABLE statement to encrypt the existing data using the new key.
3. Update the keystore: Use the ALTER ENCRYPTION KEY statement to update the keystore with the new encryption key.
4. Decrypt the data: Use the ALTER TABLE statement to decrypt the data using the old encryption key and discard the old key.
5. Monitoring and Auditing: Monitor and audit the key rotation process to ensure that it is performed correctly.
6. Scheduling: Schedule the key rotation process to occur at regular intervals.

Here is an example of how to rotate the master key in MySQL:

-- Create a new key
CREATE ENCRYPTION KEY 'new_key' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_key_password';

-- Encrypt the data
ALTER TABLE my_table ENCRYPTED=YES ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID='new_key';

-- Update the key store
ALTER ENCRYPTION KEY 'new_key' ROTATE ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID='old_key';

-- Decrypt the data
ALTER TABLE my_table ENCRYPTED=NO;

-- Discard the old key
DROP ENCRYPTION KEY 'old_key';

It's important to note that the master key rotation process can be complex and disruptive, and should be thoroughly tested before it is implemented in production. Also, it's recommended to backup all the data before performing any operation and have a proper monitoring and auditing in place to ensure the process is performed correctly.